So sánh phương pháp

	Thiết kế thực nghiệm tiền kiểm-hậu kiểm giai thừa	Thiết kế Solomon Bốn Nhóm
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1963 (canonical formalization)	1949
Người khởi xướng	Codified by Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley	Richard L. Solomon
Loại	True experimental design	True experimental design
Công trình gốc	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
Tên gọi khác	factorial pre-post design, factorial repeated-measures pretest-posttest design, multi-factor pretest-posttest design, FPPD	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	A factorial pretest-posttest experimental design combines the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables (factors) with measurement of the dependent variable both before and after treatment. This structure allows researchers to assess the main effect of each factor, all possible interaction effects between factors, and the magnitude of change from pretest to posttest — all within a single, fully randomised experiment.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.