So sánh phương pháp

	Thu thập dữ liệu cảm biến trực tiếp	Quan sát tham dự trực diện
Lĩnh vực	Phương pháp luận khảo sát	Phương pháp luận khảo sát
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990s–2000s (growth with wearable/biosensor technology)	Early 20th century (Chicago School ~1920s; Spradley formalisation 1980)
Người khởi xướng	Emerging from ambulatory assessment and wearable computing research communities	Chicago School sociologists (Robert Park, Ernest Burgess); systematised by Raymond Gold (1958) and James Spradley (1980)
Loại	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Qualitative data collection technique
Công trình gốc	Trull, T. J., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2013). Ambulatory assessment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 151–176.	Spradley, J. P. (1980). Participant Observation. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030445019
Tên gọi khác	in-person sensor data collection, proximate biosensor data collection, face-to-face ambulatory assessment, on-site sensor recording	in-person participant observation, direct participant observation, fieldwork participant observation, co-present observation
Liên quan	4	5
Tóm tắt	Face-to-face sensor data collection involves attaching or deploying sensors — physiological, motion, environmental, or proximity-based — on or around participants during in-person research sessions. The co-present setting allows direct researcher oversight of equipment, real-time signal monitoring, and immediate troubleshooting, yielding high-fidelity continuous or event-triggered data streams that capture objective behavioral and physiological indicators as they unfold.	Face-to-face participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher physically enters a setting and engages with participants in real time to document social behaviour, interactions, and meaning-making as they naturally occur. Unlike online or remote variants, the researcher is bodily present, enabling direct sensory access to context, non-verbal cues, and the full texture of everyday life in the setting under study.