So sánh phương pháp

	Effect Size	Khoảng tin cậy
Lĩnh vực	Thống kê nghiên cứu	Thống kê nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1988	1937
Người khởi xướng	Jacob Cohen	Jerzy Neyman
Loại	Concept	Concept
Công trình gốc	Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 0-8058-0283-5	Neyman, J. (1937). Outline of a Theory of Statistical Estimation Based on the Classical Theory of Probability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 236, 333–380.
Tên gọi khác	ES, Cohen's d, standardized effect, practical significance	CI, 95% CI, credible interval, interval estimate
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Effect size quantifies the magnitude of a research finding independent of sample size. While a p-value tells you whether a result is statistically significant, an effect size tells you how big the result is. Jacob Cohen formalized effect size measurement in behavioral sciences (1988), establishing standard benchmarks (small = 0.2, medium = 0.5, large = 0.8 for Cohen's d). Effect sizes are essential for meta-analysis, power analysis, and communicating the practical importance of research findings.	A confidence interval (CI) is a range of values, calculated from sample data, that likely contains the true population parameter. Introduced by Jerzy Neyman in 1937, it provides an interval estimate rather than a single point estimate, incorporating both the observed value and the uncertainty around it. The standard 95% confidence interval is a robust, intuitive alternative to p-values for communicating research results.