So sánh phương pháp

	Chỉ số Tôn giáo Đại học Duke (DUREL)	Thang đo Trải nghiệm Tâm linh Hàng ngày (DSES)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học tôn giáo	Tâm lý học tôn giáo
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2010	2002
Người khởi xướng	Harold G. Koenig & Arndt Büssing	Lynn G. Underwood & Jeanne A. Teresi
Loại	Self-report	Self-report
Công trình gốc	Koenig, H. G., & Büssing, A. (2010). The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A five-item measure for use in epidemical studies. Religions, 1(1), 78–85.	Underwood, L. G., & Teresi, J. A. (2002). The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale: Development, theoretical description, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and preliminary construct validity using health-related data. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), 22–33.
Tên gọi khác	DUREL	DSES
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The DUREL is a brief, five-item self-report measure of religious involvement developed by Koenig and Büssing in 2010. Designed specifically for epidemiological and health services research, it captures three dimensions of religiosity: organizational religious activity (church attendance), non-organizational religious activity (private prayer and study), and intrinsic religiosity (religious motivation and meaning). The scale is widely used in gerontology, medical sociology, and health outcomes research to assess how religious engagement correlates with physical and mental well-being.	The DSES, developed by Underwood and Teresi in 2002, is a 16-item self-report measure designed to capture the frequency and depth of spiritual experiences that occur in everyday life. Unlike scales that measure religious affiliation or institutional participation, the DSES assesses whether and how often individuals report direct, lived spiritual experience—moments of connection to something transcendent, sacred, or divine. It has become widely used in health services research, chaplaincy, and gerontological studies to quantify spiritual well-being and predict psychological and health outcomes.