So sánh phương pháp

	Dot-Probe Task	Evaluative Priming
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1986	1986
Người khởi xướng	Colin MacLeod, Andrew Mathews & Philip Tata	Russell H. Fazio and colleagues
Loại	Reaction-time attentional bias paradigm	Reaction-time implicit attitude paradigm
Công trình gốc	MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15-20.	Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 229-238.
Tên gọi khác	Visual Probe Task, Attentional Bias Task, MacLeod Probe Task	Automatic Evaluation Task, Fazio Priming Task, Bona Fide Pipeline
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The dot-probe task, introduced by MacLeod, Mathews, and Tata in 1986, measures selective attention to emotional information. On each trial two stimuli -- typically one threatening and one neutral word or image -- appear simultaneously in different screen locations; they then disappear and a probe (a dot or small symbol) appears in the location previously occupied by one of them. Participants respond to the probe as fast as possible. If attention was already drawn to the threatening stimulus, probes appearing in its location are detected faster, yielding an attentional-bias score from the difference in reaction times. The task gave attentional bias an objective, behavioral operationalization and became the dominant paradigm in anxiety and emotion research, as well as a target for attention-bias-modification interventions.	Evaluative priming, introduced by Fazio and colleagues in 1986, is the foundational reaction-time paradigm for measuring automatic attitudes. On each trial an attitude object (the prime) is briefly presented and is quickly followed by a clearly positive or negative target word that the participant categorizes as 'good' or 'bad' as fast as possible. When the prime and target share the same valence -- a liked object followed by a positive word -- responses are faster; when they mismatch, responses slow. This congruency effect reveals that merely seeing an attitude object automatically activates its associated evaluation, which then facilitates or interferes with judging the target. Because the attitude is inferred from response speed rather than self-report, evaluative priming gives a window onto spontaneous evaluations and became, in its 'bona fide pipeline' form, an early standard for measuring implicit attitudes including racial prejudice.