So sánh phương pháp

	Transformer Thích ứng Miền	Transfer Learning
Lĩnh vực	Học sâu	Học máy
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	2019–2022	2010 (formalized); 1990s (early roots)
Người khởi xướng	Various (Vaswani et al. 2017 for Transformers; domain adaptation extensions emerged 2019–2022)	Pan, S. J. & Yang, Q. (survey); Bengio, Y. (deep learning framing)
Loại	Pre-trained model fine-tuned with domain-shift adaptation	Learning paradigm
Công trình gốc	Ni, J., Hernandez Abrego, G., Constant, N., Ma, J., Hall, K., Cer, D., & Yang, Y. (2021). Sentence-T5: Scalable Sentence Encoders from Pre-trained Text-to-Text Models. Findings of ACL 2022. arXiv:2108.08877.	Pan, S. J., & Yang, Q. (2010). A Survey on Transfer Learning. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 22(10), 1345–1359.
Tên gọi khác	DAT, domain-adaptive Transformer, domain adaptation with Transformers, transfer-learning Transformer	TL, domain adaptation, fine-tuning, pre-trained model adaptation
Liên quan	2	3
Tóm tắt	A Domain-Adaptive Transformer (DAT) is a Transformer-based model — such as BERT or ViT — extended with an explicit domain-alignment objective so that learned representations transfer well from a labeled source domain to a different, often unlabeled, target domain. The approach combines the powerful representation capacity of Transformers with domain adaptation techniques such as adversarial training or contrastive alignment to minimise domain shift.	Transfer learning is a machine learning paradigm in which knowledge gained from training a model on a source task or domain is reused to improve learning on a different but related target task or domain. It is especially powerful when labeled data for the target task is scarce, and it underlies most modern deep learning applications in computer vision, natural language processing, and beyond.