So sánh phương pháp

	Nhiếp ảnh Dân tộc học Thể chế Số	Participatory Digital Ethnography
Lĩnh vực	Định tính	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	IE: 1980s–1990s; digital adaptation: 2000s–2010s	2000s–2010s
Người khởi xướng	Dorothy E. Smith (IE foundations); extended by IE scholars to digital contexts	Sarah Pink and colleagues; building on Christine Hine's virtual ethnography and Kemmis & McTaggart's participatory action research traditions
Loại	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research design
Công trình gốc	Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010	Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T., & Tacchi, J. (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. Sage. ISBN: 978-1446200957
Tên gọi khác	Digital IE, online institutional ethnography, virtual institutional ethnography, digital Smith IE	PDE, collaborative digital ethnography, participatory online ethnography, participatory virtual ethnography
Liên quan	6	3
Tóm tắt	Digital Institutional Ethnography (Digital IE) applies Dorothy E. Smith's institutional ethnography framework to digital and online settings. It investigates how institutional ruling relations — the texts, policies, and coordination mechanisms that organize people's everyday lives — operate through digital infrastructures such as platforms, software systems, online documents, and algorithmic processes. The goal is to make visible how digital tools and texts coordinate and subordinate experience to institutional interests.	Participatory Digital Ethnography (PDE) is a qualitative research design that combines the immersive observation of digital ethnography with the collaborative, co-inquiry stance of participatory action research. Researchers work alongside community members within digital environments — social media platforms, online forums, gaming worlds, or hybrid digital-physical spaces — co-producing knowledge rather than studying participants from a detached observer position.