So sánh phương pháp

	Day Reconstruction Method	Facial EMG	Within-Subjects Factorial Design
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	2004	1986	2004
Người khởi xướng	Daniel Kahneman and colleagues	John Cacioppo, Richard Petty and colleagues	Experimental-design tradition (widely used in social psychology)
Loại	Retrospective experience-assessment method	Psychophysiological affect-measurement method	Experimental design framework
Công trình gốc	Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The Day Reconstruction Method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780.	Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Losch, M. E., & Kim, H. S. (1986). Electromyographic activity over facial muscle regions can differentiate the valence and intensity of affective reactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 260-268.	Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The Day Reconstruction Method. Science, 306(5702), 1776-1780.
Tên gọi khác	DRM, Diary Reconstruction Method, Episodic Day Reconstruction	Facial Electromyography, EMG Affect Measurement, Corrugator-Zygomaticus EMG	Repeated-Measures Factorial Design, Within-Participants Factorial, Crossed Within-Subjects Design
Liên quan	2	3	2
Tóm tắt	The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM), introduced by Kahneman, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz, and Stone in 2004, is a technique for measuring how people experience the activities of their daily lives without the burden of real-time sampling. Respondents systematically reconstruct the previous day, dividing it into a sequence of episodes -- like scenes in a film -- and report for each episode what they were doing, where, with whom, and how they felt. By anchoring recall in concrete, ordered episodes, the method reduces the memory biases that plague global retrospective reports while approximating the affective information obtained from experience sampling. The DRM yields duration-weighted measures of experienced well-being, such as net affect and the U-index (the proportion of time spent in an unpleasant state), and reveals how feelings vary across activities and contexts. It became a key tool for studying experienced (as opposed to evaluated) well-being and the affective texture of everyday life.	Facial electromyography (EMG) measures affect by recording the tiny electrical signals produced by facial muscles, providing an objective, continuous index of emotional valence and intensity that can detect reactions too subtle or fleeting to produce a visible expression. Cacioppo, Petty, Losch, and Kim showed in 1986 that activity over two muscle regions differentiates affect: the corrugator supercilii (the brow muscle that furrows in frowning) increases with negative affect, while the zygomaticus major (the cheek muscle that pulls in smiling) increases with positive affect, and amplitudes scale with the intensity of the reaction. Because surface electrodes capture muscle activity even when no overt expression occurs, facial EMG offers a sensitive, hard-to-fake measure of evaluative responses widely used in research on attitudes, emotion, persuasion, and social perception, often paired with reaction-time and self-report measures.	The within-subjects factorial design is an experimental framework in which each participant is exposed to every combination of two or more manipulated factors, allowing researchers to test the main effect of each factor and their interactions while using each person as their own control. Because the same individuals experience all conditions, between-subject differences are removed from the error term, giving within-subjects factorial designs substantially greater statistical power and efficiency than between-subjects designs for the same number of participants. This makes them a workhorse of experimental social psychology, especially for reaction-time, judgment, and affect studies where many trials per person are feasible. The design's power comes with the need to control order and carryover effects through counterbalancing, and to analyze the data with repeated-measures or mixed-effects models that respect the non-independence of observations from the same person.