So sánh phương pháp

	Bảng câu hỏi về Lo âu Trạng thái Cạnh tranh-2 (CSAI-2)	Bảng câu hỏi về Sức bền tinh thần (MTQ48)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học thể thao	Tâm lý học thể thao
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1990	2002
Người khởi xướng	Rainer Martens, Robin Vealey, Damon Burton	Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell
Loại	Self-report state anxiety questionnaire	Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive Anxiety in Sport (pp. 193–218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.	Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187.
Tên gọi khác	CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety	MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The CSAI-2 is a 27-item instrument measuring three dimensions of state anxiety in sport: cognitive anxiety (worry), somatic anxiety (physiological arousal), and self-confidence. Developed by Martens and colleagues in 1990, it has become the gold standard for assessing pre-competition psychological state and is widely used in sport psychology research, coaching, and athlete support.	The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience.