So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu giải thích so sánh	Thiết kế nghiên cứu trường hợp đa dạng
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế nghiên cứu	Định tính
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1843 (Mill); contemporary social-science formalisation 1971–1987	1980s–1990s (Yin's first edition 1984; Stake's collective case study concept 1995)
Người khởi xướng	John Stuart Mill (methods of agreement and difference, 1843); formalised in social science by Arend Lijphart and Charles Ragin	Robert K. Yin (systematic replication logic); Robert E. Stake (naturalistic/collective case tradition)
Loại	Observational explanatory research design	Qualitative research method
Công trình gốc	Ragin, C. C. (1987). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies. University of California Press. ISBN: 978-0520063167	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Tên gọi khác	comparative explanation, explanatory comparative design, cross-case explanatory research, comparative causal analysis	comparative case study, multi-site case study, collective case study, cross-case analysis
Liên quan	4	6
Tóm tắt	Comparative explanatory research is an observational design that systematically examines two or more groups, nations, organisations, or time points in order to explain why differences in outcomes occur. Rather than merely describing variation, it seeks causal or contributing mechanisms by holding some conditions constant while contrasting others — drawing on Mill's classical methods of agreement and difference.	Multiple-case study design investigates two or more bounded real-world cases using the same research protocol, then compares findings across cases to identify patterns, contrasts, and explanatory insights that a single case could not produce. Developed primarily through Robert Yin's replication logic and Robert Stake's collective case tradition, the approach is particularly powerful when a researcher needs to determine whether a phenomenon occurs under varied conditions or to test an emerging theoretical explanation against rival contexts.