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| CO2SYS× | Tuần nóng tích lũy× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Hải dương học | Hải dương học |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1998 | 2003 |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Ernie Lewis | NOAA Coral Reef Watch |
| Loại≠ | calculation-software | thermal-metric |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Lewis, E., & Wallace, D. W. R. (1998). Program developed for CO2 system calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. link ↗ | Liu, G., Strong, A. E., & Skirving, W. (2003). Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Great Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS Transactions, 84(15), 137-141. link ↗ |
| Tên gọi khác | CO2SYS, Carbonate System Solver | DHW, Thermal Stress Index |
| Liên quan | 3 | 3 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | CO2SYS is a widely-used software package for calculating the speciation and equilibrium state of the marine carbonate system from measurements of two carbonate parameters. Developed by Ernie Lewis and Doug Wallace in 1998, CO2SYS enables oceanographers to compute all carbonate species (dissolved CO2, bicarbonate, carbonate), saturation states, and pH from pairs of measured parameters. The tool is essential for ocean acidification monitoring and research. | Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) is a thermal stress metric that quantifies accumulated heat exposure above a coral bleaching threshold, computed from satellite sea surface temperature data. Developed by NOAA's Coral Reef Watch program in 2003, DHW provides a standardized index for predicting and monitoring coral bleaching stress globally. The metric combines intensity and duration of thermal anomalies to estimate cumulative physiological stress on coral colonies. |
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