So sánh phương pháp

	Thử nghiệm kiểm soát ngẫu nhiên theo cụm	Mô hình đa cấp
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thống kê nghiên cứu
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1978–1980s	1992
Người khởi xướng	Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s)	Anthony Bryk and Stephen Raudenbush
Loại	Experimental design	Method
Công trình gốc	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978	Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. SAGE Publications.
Tên gọi khác	cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment	HLM, mixed-effects models, random effects models, MLM
Liên quan	4	3
Tóm tắt	A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical.	Multilevel modeling (also called hierarchical linear modeling, mixed-effects modeling) is a statistical framework for analyzing data organized in nested or clustered structures—students within schools, patients within hospitals, repeated measures within individuals. Developed by Bryk and Raudenbush (1992), it accounts for dependency among observations and partitions variance into levels (within-cluster and between-cluster), enabling valid inference and revealing context effects. Essential in education, medicine, organizational research, and any field where data have natural hierarchies.