So sánh phương pháp

	Citizen Participation Assessment	Government Trust Survey
Lĩnh vực	Public Administration	Public Administration
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1969	2017
Người khởi xướng	Sherry R. Arnstein	OECD (Trust in Government programme)
Loại	Survey- and rubric-based participation assessment	Population survey instrument for institutional trust
Công trình gốc	Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224.	OECD (2017). Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust. OECD Public Governance Reviews. Paris: OECD Publishing. Trust in Government.
Tên gọi khác	Public Participation Assessment, Ladder of Participation Analysis, Citizen Engagement Measurement, Participatory Governance Assessment	Trust in Government Survey, Public Trust Measurement, Institutional Trust Survey, Confidence in Public Institutions Survey
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	Citizen participation assessment is a method for evaluating how, and how genuinely, members of the public are involved in government decisions that affect them. Its conceptual backbone is Sherry Arnstein's 1969 'ladder of citizen participation,' which arranged forms of involvement on eight rungs ranging from manipulation and therapy (non-participation) through informing, consultation and placation (tokenism) up to partnership, delegated power and citizen control (degrees of citizen power). The assessment combines this ladder with surveys of participants and documentary review to classify a participation process by its level of real power-sharing, judge who is included, and diagnose whether engagement is substantive or merely symbolic.	A government trust survey is a population-based survey instrument for measuring how much citizens trust their public institutions and identifying the drivers of that trust. Building on the OECD's Trust in Government work, modern instruments treat trust not as a single mood but as a set of measurable expectations: that government is competent and reliable in delivering services, and that it acts on values such as integrity, openness, fairness and responsiveness. By surveying a representative sample of the population, weighting responses to the population, and analyzing trust alongside its drivers, the method produces comparable indicators that diagnose where and why public trust is high or low and what policy levers might raise it.