So sánh phương pháp

	Thiết kế nghiên cứu trường hợp-chứng	Thiết kế nghiên cứu đoàn hệ
Lĩnh vực	Nghiên cứu lâm sàng	Nghiên cứu lâm sàng
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1950s-1970s	1970s-1980s
Người khởi xướng	Jerome L. Schlesselman, Brian MacMahon, Thomas Pugh	Donald Acheson, Olli Miettinen, and others in modern epidemiology
Loại	Research Design	Research Design
Công trình gốc	Schlesselman, J. J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027815	Miettinen, O. S. (1976). Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 103(2), 226–235.
Tên gọi khác	case-control study, retrospective study, matched case-control, nested case-control	prospective study, follow-up study, longitudinal study, cohort study
Liên quan	2	2
Tóm tắt	A case-control study identifies individuals with a disease or outcome (cases) and a comparison group without the outcome (controls), then measures prior exposure retrospectively. Developed in the 1950s–1970s by epidemiologists like Schlesselman and MacMahon, case-control studies are especially efficient for rare diseases, as they sample cases enriched for the outcome, avoiding the need for enormous cohorts. They are a mainstay of clinical epidemiology, observational research, and outbreak investigations.	A cohort study follows a group of individuals forward in time from exposure to outcome. Exposed and unexposed participants (or participants with differing exposure levels) are enrolled at baseline, characterized, and observed prospectively until the outcome occurs or the study ends. Cohort studies are fundamental to epidemiology and are the design of choice for establishing causal associations when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical.