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| Thiết kế Nghiên cứu Trường hợp-Đối chứng× | Thử nghiệm lâm sàng ngẫu nhiên (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Lĩnh vực | Dịch tễ học | Dịch tễ học |
| Họ | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Năm ra đời≠ | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s | 1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial) |
| Người khởi xướng≠ | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s | Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team |
| Loại≠ | Observational analytic study design | Interventional experimental study |
| Công trình gốc≠ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 | Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385 |
| Tên gọi khác | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis | RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial |
| Liên quan | 6 | 6 |
| Tóm tắt≠ | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. | A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions. |
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