So sánh phương pháp

	RNN hai chiều	Cơ chế chú ý (Attention Mechanism)	Tự chú ý đa đầu
Lĩnh vực	Học sâu	Học sâu	Học sâu
Họ	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Năm ra đời	1997	2015	2017
Người khởi xướng	Schuster, M. & Paliwal, K.K.	Bahdanau, D.; Luong, M.T.	Vaswani, A. et al.
Loại	Recurrent neural network (sequence model)	Neural attention layer (encoder-decoder)	Attention mechanism (Transformer core)
Công trình gốc	Schuster, M. & Paliwal, K.K. (1997). Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 45(11), 2673–2681.	Bahdanau, D., Cho, K. & Bengio, Y. (2015). Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate. ICLR.	Vaswani, A. et al. (2017). Attention Is All You Need. NeurIPS.
Tên gọi khác	Çift Yönlü RNN / BiLSTM / BiGRU, bidirectional recurrent neural network, BiLSTM, BiGRU	Dikkat Mekanizması (Bahdanau / Luong Attention), dikkat mekanizmasi, neural attention, additive attention	Öz-Dikkat ve Çok Başlı Dikkat (Multi-Head Self-Attention), öz-dikkat, multi-head attention, scaled dot-product attention
Liên quan	5	5	5
Tóm tắt	A Bidirectional RNN, introduced by Schuster and Paliwal in 1997, processes a sequence in both forward and backward directions so that every position has access to its full surrounding context. With LSTM or GRU cells (BiLSTM/BiGRU) it is the standard approach for named-entity recognition, sequence labelling, and speech recognition.	The attention mechanism, introduced by Bahdanau, Cho and Bengio in 2015 and refined by Luong, Pham and Manning the same year, lets a sequence decoder dynamically learn which of the encoder's outputs to focus on at each step. Before the Transformer, it substantially improved machine-translation quality by freeing models from compressing an entire input into a single fixed vector.	Multi-head self-attention, introduced by Vaswani and colleagues in 2017, is the mechanism that lets every position in a sequence compute its relationship to all other positions in parallel. It is the core of the Transformer architecture and the foundation underneath BERT, GPT, and T5.