So sánh phương pháp

	Nghiên cứu bệnh-chứng lồng ghép Bayes	Thiết kế Nghiên cứu Trường hợp-Đối chứng
Lĩnh vực	Dịch tễ học	Dịch tễ học
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1977 (nested case-control); Bayesian adaptation developed through 1990s–2010s	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
Người khởi xướng	Nested case-control: D. C. Thomas (1977); Bayesian extension: various authors in biostatistics	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
Loại	Observational analytical study design with Bayesian inference	Observational analytic study design
Công trình gốc	Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
Tên gọi khác	Bayesian NCC, Bayesian nested case-referent study, Bayesian sampled case-control within cohort	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
Liên quan	5	6
Tóm tắt	A Bayesian nested case-control study embeds a case-control sampling scheme within a defined prospective cohort and then estimates exposure-outcome associations using Bayesian inference. Cases are individuals in the cohort who develop the outcome of interest; controls are sampled from the risk set at the time each case is identified. The Bayesian framework allows incorporation of prior knowledge — from earlier studies, expert opinion, or biological plausibility — and produces full posterior distributions for effect estimates rather than single-point estimates with confidence intervals.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.