So sánh phương pháp

	Thang đo Nhận dạng Vận động viên (AIMS)	Thang đo động lực thể thao (SMS)
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học thể thao	Tâm lý học thể thao
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1993	1995
Người khởi xướng	Britton Brewer, Jean Van Raalte, Diane Linder	Luc Pelletier, Marc Fortier, Robert Vallerand
Loại	Self-report athletic identity questionnaire	Self-report sport motivation questionnaire
Công trình gốc	Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles' heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(2), 237–254.	Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53.
Tên gọi khác	AIMS, Athletic Identity	SMS, SMS-6
Liên quan	4	4
Tóm tắt	The AIMS is a 10-item questionnaire assessing the degree to which being an athlete is central to an individual's self-concept and identity. Developed by Brewer, Van Raalte, and Linder in 1993, the AIMS has become the standard instrument for measuring athletic identity and is widely used to predict athlete coping responses to injury, career transitions, and retirement.	The SMS is a 24–28 item questionnaire measuring the motivational reasons athletes engage in sport, organized along the continuum of Self-Determination Theory: from intrinsic motivation (inherent enjoyment, mastery, excitement) through extrinsic forms (identified goals, introjected norms, external rewards) to amotivation (lack of intent). Developed by Pelletier and colleagues in 1995, the SMS has become the leading instrument for assessing sport motivation quality and predicting athlete engagement, retention, and psychological wellbeing.