So sánh phương pháp

	Affective Priming Task	Goal Priming Paradigm
Lĩnh vực	Tâm lý học xã hội	Tâm lý học xã hội
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1994	1996
Người khởi xướng	Dirk Hermans, Jan De Houwer & Paul Eelen	John Bargh and colleagues
Loại	Reaction-time automatic evaluation paradigm	Experimental priming of goals/constructs on behavior
Công trình gốc	Hermans, D., De Houwer, J., & Eelen, P. (1994). The affective priming effect: Automatic activation of evaluative information in memory. Cognition and Emotion, 8(6), 515-533.	Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 230-244.
Tên gọi khác	Affective Priming Paradigm, Naming Affective Priming, Pronunciation Priming Task	Automatic Goal Activation, Behavior Priming, Construct Priming
Liên quan	3	3
Tóm tắt	The affective priming task, developed by Hermans, De Houwer, and Eelen in 1994, demonstrates that stimulus evaluation is automatic and goal-independent. Like evaluative priming it pairs a valenced prime with a valenced target, but instead of asking participants to judge the target's valence it asks them simply to pronounce or name the target aloud as fast as possible. Targets are named faster when preceded by an affectively congruent prime than an incongruent one, even though the naming task never requires evaluating valence. This is a crucial theoretical point: because evaluation facilitates responding even when it is irrelevant to the task, the affective reaction must be triggered automatically and unintentionally. The naming variant became an important tool for distinguishing genuinely automatic evaluation from response-competition artifacts that can arise in valence-classification tasks.	The goal priming paradigm tests whether activating a mental construct -- a trait concept, stereotype, or goal -- outside of awareness can directly shape subsequent behavior. In the classic demonstrations by Bargh, Chen, and Burrows in 1996, participants completed a seemingly unrelated language task containing words related to rudeness, politeness, or the elderly stereotype; afterward, primed participants behaved in line with the construct -- interrupting more, waiting longer, or walking more slowly -- without any awareness that the prime had influenced them. The paradigm extended the logic of priming from judgments to overt action, supporting the idea that much social behavior can be automatically guided by environmentally activated goals and constructs. It became a centerpiece of theories of automaticity, while also, in the 2010s, a focal point of replication debates that reshaped methodological standards in the field.