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	Thiết kế Solomon Bốn Nhóm Thích ứng	Thiết kế Solomon Bốn Nhóm
Lĩnh vực	Thiết kế thí nghiệm	Thiết kế thí nghiệm
Họ	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Năm ra đời	1949 (base design); adaptive adaptation developed through later adaptive trial methodology	1949
Người khởi xướng	Richard L. Solomon (base design); adaptive extension via response-adaptive randomization methodology	Richard L. Solomon
Loại	Experimental design (pretest-sensitization control + adaptive randomization)	True experimental design
Công trình gốc	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
Tên gọi khác	adaptive S4G design, response-adaptive Solomon design, sequential Solomon four-group design, adaptive pretest-sensitization design	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
Liên quan	6	5
Tóm tắt	The Adaptive Solomon Four-Group Design combines the pretest-sensitization control of Solomon's classic four-group structure with response-adaptive randomization, allowing interim outcome data to update the allocation probabilities across the four groups as the study progresses. This hybrid preserves the design's ability to isolate the testing effect while improving ethical efficiency by steering more participants toward conditions performing better at interim checkpoints.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.