Порівняння методів

	Неструктуроване інтерв'ю	Етнографія	Теорія, ґрунтована на даних (Grounded Theory)	Аналіз наративу
Галузь	Якісні методи	Якісні методи	Якісні дослідження	Якісні методи
Родина	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Рік появи	Mid-20th century (Rogers ~1942; Spradley ~1979)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1967	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
Автор методу	Rooted in anthropological and sociological fieldwork traditions; systematised by James P. Spradley and Carl Rogers (non-directive counselling interview)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
Тип	Qualitative research method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
Основоположне джерело	Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic Interview. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
Інші назви	open-ended interview, non-directive interview, in-depth interview, conversational interview	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	GT, Grounded Theory Approach	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
Пов'язані	6	5	3	6
Підсумок	An unstructured interview is a qualitative data-collection method in which the researcher enters the conversation with a broad topic or grand-tour question rather than a fixed questionnaire, allowing the participant to direct the flow and depth of the discussion. The approach prioritises the participant's own conceptual categories and narrative logic over the researcher's pre-formed agenda, making it especially powerful for exploratory inquiry into unfamiliar or complex social phenomena.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.