Порівняння методів

	Семиотичний аналіз	Дискурс-аналіз	Аналіз наративу
Галузь	Якісні методи	Якісні дослідження	Якісні методи
Родина	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Рік появи	Late 19th–early 20th century (Saussure ~1906–1911; Peirce ~1867–1914); systematic application in social research from the 1960s	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
Автор методу	Ferdinand de Saussure (structural semiology); Charles Sanders Peirce (semiotic triads); Roland Barthes (applied cultural semiotics)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
Тип	Qualitative research method	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
Основоположне джерело	Barthes, R. (1967). Elements of Semiology (trans. A. Lavers & C. Smith). Hill and Wang.	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
Інші назви	semiotics, sign analysis, structural semiotics, semiological analysis	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
Пов'язані	6	2	6
Підсумок	Semiotic analysis is a qualitative method for interpreting how signs — words, images, sounds, gestures, and objects — produce and communicate meaning within a cultural context. Drawing on the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the triadic sign theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, and popularised as a research tool by Roland Barthes, semiotics moves beyond surface denotation to expose the connotative and ideological meanings embedded in texts and visual culture.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.