Порівняння методів

	Байєсівські інструментальні змінні (Bayesian IV)	Метод інструментальних змінних (ІЗ) для причинно-наслідкового висновку
Галузь	Причинно-наслідковий висновок	Економіка охорони здоров'я
Родина	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Рік появи	2003	1990s (modern applications)
Автор методу	Kleibergen & Zivot (2003); Lancaster (2004)	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
Тип	Causal inference / Bayesian estimation	Method
Основоположне джерело	Kleibergen, F., & Zivot, E. (2003). Bayesian and classical approaches to instrumental variable regression. Journal of Econometrics, 114(1), 29-72.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Інші назви	Bayesian IV, Bayesian 2SLS, Bayesian LIML, BayesIV	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
Пов'язані	6	3
Підсумок	Bayesian Instrumental Variables combines the instrumental variable strategy for addressing endogeneity with Bayesian posterior inference. Instead of relying on asymptotic sampling distributions, it places prior distributions over all structural parameters and recovers a full posterior distribution for the causal effect, providing probability statements about the parameter rather than p-values — especially valuable when instruments are weak or the sample is small.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.