Порівняння методів

	Оптична товщина аерозолів	Загальна циркуляційна модель	Стандартизований індекс опадів
Галузь	Геофізика	Геофізика	Геофізика
Родина	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Рік появи	1929	1975	1993
Автор методу	Anders Ångström	Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald	Thomas McKee, Neil Doesken, and John Kleist
Тип	Optical parameter for aerosol loading quantification	Deterministic coupled atmosphere-ocean simulation	Probabilistic drought indicator
Основоположне джерело	Ångström, A. (1929). On the atmospheric transmission of sun radiation and on dust in the air. Geografiska Annaler, 11(2), 156-166.	Manabe, S., & Wetherald, R. T. (1975). The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on the climate of a general circulation model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 32(1), 3-15.	McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 179-184.
Інші назви	AOD, Aerosol Optical Thickness	GCM, Global Climate Model	SPI
Пов'язані	3	3	3
Підсумок	Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) is a dimensionless measure of aerosol light extinction in the atmosphere, quantifying how much sunlight is scattered and absorbed by particles suspended in air. Formalized by Ångström in 1929 and now routinely measured via satellite (MODIS, Sentinel-5P) and ground networks (AERONET), AOD is essential for air quality monitoring, climate forcing assessment, and visibility prediction.	A General Circulation Model (GCM), also called a Global Climate Model, is a three-dimensional numerical representation of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, ice, and land surface that simulates physical processes governing weather and climate. Pioneered by Manabe and Wetherald in 1975, GCMs are the primary tools for understanding past climate, projecting future climate change, and investigating climate sensitivity to greenhouse gases and other forcings.	The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a climate index that quantifies precipitation anomalies relative to historical norms, standardized to account for differences in precipitation climatology across regions. Introduced by McKee, Doesken, and Kleist in 1993, SPI has become a primary tool for drought detection and characterization, adopted by meteorological agencies worldwide for operational drought monitoring and early warning systems.