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	Transit-Oriented Development Analysis	Mixed-Use Index
Ämnesområde	Urban Studies	Urban Studies
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1999	1997
Upphovsperson	Luca Bertolini	Cervero & Kockelman (land-use diversity / 3Ds); Frank et al. (entropy walkability term)
Typ	Diagnostic model of development around public-transport nodes	Index of how evenly land uses are mixed within an area
Ursprungskälla	Bertolini, L. (1999). Spatial development patterns and public transport: the application of an analytical model in the Netherlands. Planning Practice & Research, 14(2), 199–210.	Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199–219.
Alias	TOD Analysis, Node-Place Model, Transit Node Assessment, Station Area Development Analysis	Land-Use Mix Entropy, Land-Use Diversity Index, Herfindahl Land-Use Index, Entropy Land-Use Mix
Närliggande	4	4
Sammanfattning	Transit-oriented development (TOD) analysis evaluates how well the land around public-transport stations supports compact, mixed-use, walkable development that feeds and is fed by transit. Its analytical backbone is Luca Bertolini's 1999 node–place model, which scores every station area on two axes — its value as a transport node and its value as a place of activity — and diagnoses whether the two are in balance. Combined with the classic density, diversity, and design dimensions and with network measures of access to stations, the approach identifies which station areas are under-developed, over-stressed, or ripe for intensification.	A mixed-use index measures how evenly different land uses — residential, retail, office, civic, industrial — are blended within an area, turning the planning ideal of vibrant, walkable mixed-use districts into a number. The dominant formulation borrows the entropy measure from information theory: a value near zero when one use dominates and near one when uses are perfectly balanced. Popularised through the 'density, diversity, design' framework of Cervero and Kockelman and embedded in walkability indices by Frank and colleagues, these indices quantify land-use diversity for studies of travel behaviour, walkability and urban vitality.