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	Site Catchment Analysis	Intrasite Spatial Analysis
Ämnesområde	Arkeologi	Arkeologi
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1970	1976
Upphovsperson	Claudio Vita-Finzi & Eric S. Higgs	Ian Hodder & Clive Orton; activity-area approaches elaborated by Robert Whallon and others
Typ	Spatial economic pipeline delimiting and characterizing a site's exploitation territory	Within-site spatial pipeline for detecting artifact clusters and activity areas
Ursprungskälla	Vita-Finzi, C., & Higgs, E. S. (1970). Prehistoric Economy in the Mount Carmel Area of Palestine: Site Catchment Analysis. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 36, 1-37.	Hodder, I., & Orton, C. (1976). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521210805
Alias	Catchment Analysis, Site Exploitation Territory Analysis, Economic Catchment Modeling, Resource Catchment Analysis	Within-Site Spatial Analysis, Activity-Area Analysis, Artifact Distribution Analysis, Intra-Site Spatial Patterning
Närliggande	2	2
Sammanfattning	Site catchment analysis models a settlement's economy by delimiting the territory that its inhabitants could realistically exploit and inventorying the resources within it. Introduced by Claudio Vita-Finzi and Eric Higgs in their 1970 study of the Mount Carmel area, the method rests on the premise that the cost of moving to and from a site falls off sharply with distance, so most subsistence activity occurs within a limited radius. By drawing a catchment — classically the area within one or two hours' walk — and measuring how much of it is arable land, grazing, water, lithic sources, or wild biota, the analyst characterizes whether a site is oriented toward farming, herding, hunting, or gathering. Modern practice replaces simple circles with terrain-sensitive least-cost territories computed in a Geographical Information System, as set out by Conolly and Lake.	Intrasite spatial analysis studies how artifacts and features are distributed within a single site or living floor in order to reconstruct how space was used. Where settlement-pattern analysis treats whole sites as points, intrasite analysis zooms in to the scatter of tools, debris, hearths, and structures across an excavated surface, asking whether particular artifact types cluster together, whether activities were spatially segregated, and where discrete activity areas lay. The toolkit ranges from density and kernel mapping through clustering methods such as k-means to dimensional analysis of variance, the grid-based technique designed to find the scale at which artifacts are patterned. Ian Hodder and Clive Orton's Spatial Analysis in Archaeology set out the statistical foundations, and Conolly and Lake show how GIS-based density and association methods extend them.