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	Robust Morans I	Robust Geary's C
Ämnesområde	Rumslig analys	Rumslig analys
Familj	Regression model	Regression model
Ursprungsår	1990s–2000s	1954 (base); robust variants: 1990s–2000s
Upphovsperson	Extension of Moran (1950); robust adaptations developed in spatial statistics literature	Geary (1954); robust extensions by Anselin and spatial statisticians
Typ	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic	Robust spatial autocorrelation statistic
Ursprungskälla	Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association—LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27(2), 93–115.	Geary, R. C. (1954). The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. The Incorporated Statistician, 5(3), 115–145.
Alias	outlier-resistant Moran's I, robust spatial autocorrelation test, median-based Moran statistic, robust global spatial association	robust Geary contiguity ratio, outlier-resistant Geary's C, robust spatial contiguity statistic, robust Geary C
Närliggande	6	6
Sammanfattning	Robust Moran's I is an outlier-resistant adaptation of the classic Moran's I spatial autocorrelation statistic. By replacing the standard mean-based standardization with resistant measures of center and spread, it detects genuine geographic clustering without being distorted by a small number of extreme values in the attribute of interest.	Robust Geary's C adapts the classical Geary contiguity ratio — a measure of spatial autocorrelation based on pairwise squared differences between neighbouring locations — to resist distortion by spatial outliers and influential observations. It retains the local sensitivity of Geary's C while producing more reliable inferences when the spatial data contain extreme values or non-normal distributions.