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	Polytomous Rasch Model	Testning av mätinvarians
Ämnesområde	Psykometri	Psykometri
Familj	Latent structure	Latent structure
Ursprungsår	1978–1982	2000
Upphovsperson	Gerhard N. Masters (Partial Credit Model); David Andrich (Rating Scale Model)	Vandenberg & Lance
Typ	Item response model	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure
Ursprungskälla	Masters, G. N. (1982). A Rasch model for partial credit scoring. Psychometrika, 47(2), 149–174.	Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
Alias	PRM, Rating Scale Model, Partial Credit Model, Polytomous IRT Rasch	Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği
Närliggande	6	3
Sammanfattning	The Polytomous Rasch Model extends the dichotomous Rasch framework to ordered response scales with three or more categories, such as Likert items or partial-credit tasks. It estimates person ability and item difficulty on the same interval-level logit scale, and it tests whether the response categories function as intended — prerequisites for rigorous ordinal measurement.	Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means.