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| Phylogenetic Linguistics× | Lexicostatistics× | |
|---|---|---|
| Ämnesområde | Lingvistik | Lingvistik |
| Familj | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Ursprungsår≠ | 2003 | 1952 |
| Upphovsperson≠ | Russell Gray & Quentin Atkinson (modern Bayesian application); rooted in computational phylogenetics | Morris Swadesh |
| Typ≠ | Computational inference of language family trees and divergence dates from coded linguistic data | Quantitative comparison of basic vocabulary to estimate genealogical relatedness |
| Ursprungskälla≠ | Gray, R. D., & Atkinson, Q. D. (2003). Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin. Nature, 426(6965), 435–439. DOI ↗ | Swadesh, M. (1952). Lexico-statistic dating of prehistoric ethnic contacts. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 96(4), 452–463. link ↗ |
| Alias | Linguistic Phylogenetics, Computational Language Phylogenetics, Phylogenetic Language Classification | Lexical Statistics, Basic Vocabulary Comparison, Cognate Percentage Method |
| Närliggande | 4 | 4 |
| Sammanfattning≠ | Computational phylogenetic linguistics borrows the statistical machinery developed in evolutionary biology — Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and distance-based network methods — and applies it to coded linguistic data, chiefly cognate-judged basic vocabulary, to infer language family trees and estimate when branches diverged. By treating linguistic characters like the molecular characters in a gene alignment and modelling their change probabilistically along a tree, the approach produces classifications with explicit measures of uncertainty and, when calibrated, dated phylogenies. Its best-known applications are the Gray and Atkinson and Bouckaert et al. analyses of Indo-European origins. | Lexicostatistics is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that gauges how closely two or more languages are genealogically related by measuring the percentage of cognates they share within a fixed list of basic, culture-neutral vocabulary — classically Morris Swadesh's 100- or 200-word list. By converting word comparisons into similarity percentages, it produces a matrix of pairwise scores from which subgroupings within a language family can be inferred. It is the statistical core that underlies glottochronology, but on its own it makes no claim about absolute dates — it speaks only to degree of relatedness. |
| ScholarGateDatamängd ↗ |
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