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	Paneldata-avbruten tidsserieanalys	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences (Panel DiD / TWFE)
Ämnesområde	Kausal inferens	Kausal inferens
Familj	Regression model	Regression model
Ursprungsår	2000s–2010s	1985–2004
Upphovsperson	Shadish, Cook & Campbell (design framework); Bernal, Cummins & Gasparrini (epidemiological tutorial)	Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004)
Typ	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
Ursprungskälla	Lopez Bernal, J., Cummins, S., & Gasparrini, A. (2017). Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(1), 348-355.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Alias	panel ITS, multi-unit ITS, panel ITSA, controlled interrupted time series	Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff
Närliggande	5	4
Sammanfattning	Panel Data Interrupted Time Series (panel ITS) is a quasi-experimental method that estimates the causal effect of an intervention using repeated observations from multiple units over time. By exploiting variation across both units and time periods, it provides stronger causal identification than single-unit ITS, detecting changes in the level and slope of the outcome trajectory immediately following a clearly dated intervention.	Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units.