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| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)× | Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)× | Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ämnesområde | Klinisk psykologi | Klinisk psykologi | Klinisk psykologi |
| Familj | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Ursprungsår≠ | 1988 | 1977 | 1959 |
| Upphovsperson≠ | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Max Hamilton |
| Typ≠ | Mood and affect self-assessment | Community-based depression assessment | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment |
| Ursprungskälla≠ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | PANAS, PANAS-X | CES-D, CESD | HAM-A, HARS |
| Närliggande | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Sammanfattning≠ | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. |
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