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	Lorenz Curve	Atkinson Index	Gini Coefficient	Palma Ratio
Ämnesområde	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1905	1970	1912	2011 (Palma's finding); 2013–2014 (the ratio)
Upphovsperson	Max Otto Lorenz	Anthony Barnes Atkinson	Corrado Gini	Gabriel Palma; named by Cobham & Sumner
Typ	Graphical representation of distributional inequality	Welfare-based, parameterized inequality index	Scalar measure of statistical dispersion / inequality	Tail-ratio inequality measure
Ursprungskälla	Lorenz, M. O. (1905). Methods of measuring the concentration of wealth. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 9(70), 209–219.	Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244–263.	Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421–443.	Cobham, A., & Sumner, A. (2014). Is inequality all about the tails? The Palma measure of income inequality. Significance, 11(1), 10–13.
Alias	Lorenz concentration curve, Lorenz diagram, cumulative share curve	Atkinson inequality measure, Atkinson's A, welfare-based inequality index	Gini index, Gini ratio, Gini concentration ratio, G	Palma index, Palma measure, top10/bottom40 ratio
Närliggande	5	5	5	5
Sammanfattning	The Lorenz curve is a graphical device that displays the full shape of inequality in a distribution by plotting the cumulative share of a quantity (such as income) held by the cumulative share of the population, ranked from poorest to richest. Introduced by Max Lorenz in 1905, it underlies the Gini coefficient and provides the basis for ranking distributions by inequality when one curve lies entirely above another.	The Atkinson index is a welfare-based measure of inequality that incorporates an explicit, analyst-chosen parameter for how much society dislikes inequality. Introduced by Anthony Atkinson in 1970, it asks what fraction of total income could be discarded, under an equal distribution, while leaving social welfare unchanged — making the ethical judgement behind any inequality comparison transparent rather than hidden.	The Gini coefficient is the most widely used single-number summary of inequality in a distribution such as income or wealth. Introduced by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, it equals twice the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality, ranging from 0 when everyone has the same amount to a maximum approaching 1 when one unit holds everything.	The Palma ratio measures income inequality as the ratio of the income share held by the richest 10 percent of the population to the share held by the poorest 40 percent. It rests on the empirical regularity, documented by Gabriel Palma, that the middle deciles (5 through 9) capture a remarkably stable half of national income across countries, so that inequality is essentially a contest between the top and the bottom — the 'tails' of the distribution.