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	Gitterbaserad kryptografi	zk-STARK
Ämnesområde	Kryptografi	Kryptografi
Familj	Machine learning	Machine learning
Ursprungsår	1996	2018
Upphovsperson	Miklós Ajtai	Eli Ben-Sasson
Typ	public-key cryptosystem based on lattice hardness	transparent zero-knowledge argument of knowledge
Ursprungskälla	Ajtai, M. (1996). Generating hard instances of the short basis problem. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 99-108.	Ben-Sasson, E., Bentov, I., Horesh, Y., & Riabzev, M. (2019). Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity. In IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2018/046.
Alias	lattice cryptography, post-quantum lattice cryptography	zk-STARK, transparent argument of knowledge, STARK
Närliggande	3	3
Sammanfattning	Lattice-based cryptography is a class of cryptosystems whose security is derived from the computational hardness of lattice problems, particularly the shortest vector problem (SVP) and learning with errors (LWE). First proposed by Miklós Ajtai in 1996, lattice-based approaches have gained prominence as the leading candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Unlike RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum computers, lattice problems are believed to remain hard even against quantum algorithms.	A zk-STARK (Zero-Knowledge Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) is a cryptographic proof system allowing a prover to convince a verifier of a computation's correctness without trusted setup or revealing computational details. Introduced by Ben-Sasson and colleagues in 2018, zk-STARKs address a key limitation of zk-SNARKs: they require no preprocessing phase vulnerable to corruption. Instead, STARKs rely only on cryptographic hash functions, making them simpler, more transparent, and believed to be post-quantum secure.