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	HYSPLIT	Eddy Covariance	WRF-modellen
Ämnesområde	Meteorologi	Meteorologi	Meteorologi
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1997	1951	2000
Upphovsperson	Draxler and Hess	Swinbank	Skamarock and Klemp
Typ	Trajectory and dispersion model	Micrometeorological flux measurement	Atmospheric simulation system
Ursprungskälla	Draxler, R. R., & Hess, G. D. (1997). Description of the HYSPLIT_4 modeling system. NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224.	Baldocchi, D. (2003). Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide fluxes of ecosystems: past, present and future. Global Change Biology, 9(4), 479-492.	Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., et al. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR.
Alias	HYSPLIT, Hybrid Single-Particle, Lagrangian trajectory model	Eddy covariance, EC flux, Eddy correlation, Direct flux measurement	Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF, ARW, NMM
Närliggande	3	3	4
Sammanfattning	HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model) is a widely used atmospheric transport and dispersion model developed by NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory. It computes air parcel trajectories and pollutant dispersion using Lagrangian tracking to simulate how contaminants and particles move through the atmosphere over hours to weeks.	The eddy covariance method is a direct, micrometeorological technique that measures turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat, water vapor, and CO2 by computing the covariance between high-frequency fluctuations of wind velocity and scalar properties (temperature, humidity, concentration). It is the gold standard for measuring ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges and validating model parameterizations.	The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system used for weather forecasting, research, and climate applications. Developed cooperatively by NCAR, NOAA, and academic institutions, WRF became operational in 2004 and has become one of the most widely used atmospheric models worldwide.