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	Dubbelpolarisationradar	Termisk vind	WRF-modellen
Ämnesområde	Meteorologi	Meteorologi	Meteorologi
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1990s	1920s	2000
Upphovsperson	Bringi, Chandrasekar	Jacobbian insights from geostrophic flow	Skamarock and Klemp
Typ	Radar measurement technique	Wind-temperature relationship	Atmospheric simulation system
Ursprungskälla	Kumjian, M. R. (2013). The impact of precipitation on supercell electrification: Lightning potential and storm structure changes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69(11), 3353-3375.	Holton, J. R. (2004). An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (4th ed.). Academic Press.	Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., et al. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR.
Alias	Dual-pol radar, Polarimetric radar, Dual-polarization, Dual-pol	Thermal wind, Vertical wind shear, Barotropic	Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF, ARW, NMM
Närliggande	3	3	4
Sammanfattning	Dual-polarization (dual-pol) radar is a weather radar system that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves in both horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously. This technique, operational in weather services since the 2010s, provides detailed information about precipitation particle type, shape, and size distribution, enabling improved rainfall estimates and better discrimination of hail, rain, and snow.	The thermal wind relationship is a fundamental meteorological principle that links vertical wind shear to horizontal temperature gradients. It states that wind speed increases with height in the direction of warming—a direct consequence of hydrostatic and geostrophic balance combined with the ideal gas law.	The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system used for weather forecasting, research, and climate applications. Developed cooperatively by NCAR, NOAA, and academic institutions, WRF became operational in 2004 and has become one of the most widely used atmospheric models worldwide.