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	Differential Evolution	NSGA-II	Partikelsvärmsoptimering (PSO)
Ämnesområde	Optimering	Optimering	Optimering
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1997	2002	1995
Upphovsperson	Rainer Storn & Kenneth Price	—	—
Typ	Population-based stochastic metaheuristic	Evolutionary multi-objective optimisation algorithm	Population-based metaheuristic / swarm intelligence
Ursprungskälla	Storn, R. & Price, K. (1997). Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for Global Optimization over Continuous Spaces. Journal of Global Optimization, 11(4), 341–359.	Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S. & Meyarivan, T. (2002). A Fast and Elitist Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182-197.	Kennedy, J. & Eberhart, R. (1995). Particle Swarm Optimization. IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN), 1942-1948.
Alias	DE algorithm, Diferansiyel Evrim (DE), DE optimization	NSGA2, Non-dominated Sorting GA II, NSGA-II — Çok Amaçlı Evrimsel Optimizasyon	PSO, swarm intelligence optimization, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu (PSO)
Närliggande	5	4	6
Sammanfattning	Differential Evolution (DE), introduced by Rainer Storn and Kenneth Price in 1997, is a population-based stochastic optimisation algorithm designed for continuous parameter spaces. It generates candidate solutions by combining vector differences between existing population members, making it a powerful and parameter-lean alternative to Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimisation when the search landscape is non-convex, multimodal, or poorly suited to gradient-based methods.	NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) is the standard reference algorithm for multi-objective evolutionary optimisation, introduced by Deb, Pratap, Agarwal and Meyarivan in 2002. Rather than collapsing multiple conflicting objectives into a single score, it evolves a population of candidate solutions across generations and returns a set of Pareto-optimal trade-off solutions — the Pareto front — using fast non-dominated sorting and a crowding distance metric to preserve diversity.	Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart in 1995, inspired by the collective movement of bird flocks and fish schools. Each candidate solution — called a particle — moves through the search space by updating its velocity and position based on its own best experience and the best experience of the entire swarm, enabling fast convergence across continuous optimization problems.