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	Bayesianskt nätverk	Bayesiansk regression	Kausalförklaring med riktade acykliska grafer (do-kalkyl)	Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Ämnesområde	Bayesiansk statistik	Bayesiansk statistik	Kausal inferens	Bayesiansk statistik
Familj	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods	Regression model	Bayesian methods
Ursprungsår	1988	—	2009	—
Upphovsperson	Judea Pearl	—	Judea Pearl	—
Typ	Probabilistic graphical model	Bayesian linear model	Causal identification framework	Posterior sampling algorithm
Ursprungskälla	Pearl, J. (1988). Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN: 978-1558604797	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955
Alias	Bayes network, belief network, probabilistic graphical model, directed graphical model	bayesian linear regression, probabilistic regression, bayesian regresyon	do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus)	markov chain monte carlo, MCMC sampling, MCMC (Markov Zinciri Monte Carlo)
Närliggande	4	2	5	3
Sammanfattning	A Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model, introduced by Judea Pearl in 1988, that encodes a set of variables and their conditional dependencies as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Each node represents a variable; each directed edge encodes a direct probabilistic influence. By combining Bayes' rule with the graph's conditional independence structure, the model supports reasoning under uncertainty — computing the probability of any variable given observed evidence about others.	Bayesian regression is a probabilistic version of linear regression that treats the model parameters as uncertain quantities. Instead of returning a single best-fit estimate, it combines prior knowledge with the observed data to produce a full posterior probability distribution for each parameter, from which credible intervals and predictions are read off.	DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths.	Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a family of computational algorithms for sampling from complex probability distributions, most commonly the posterior distributions that arise in Bayesian inference. Rather than computing posteriors analytically — which is rarely possible for realistic models — MCMC constructs a Markov chain whose stationary distribution is the target posterior and draws dependent samples from it, enabling full probabilistic inference for virtually any model.