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	Atkinson Index	Index of Dissimilarity	Palma Ratio
Ämnesområde	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1970	1955	2011 (Palma's finding); 2013–2014 (the ratio)
Upphovsperson	Anthony Barnes Atkinson	Otis Dudley Duncan & Beverly Duncan	Gabriel Palma; named by Cobham & Sumner
Typ	Welfare-based, parameterized inequality index	Index of evenness of two groups across units	Tail-ratio inequality measure
Ursprungskälla	Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244–263.	Duncan, O. D., & Duncan, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20(2), 210–217.	Cobham, A., & Sumner, A. (2014). Is inequality all about the tails? The Palma measure of income inequality. Significance, 11(1), 10–13.
Alias	Atkinson inequality measure, Atkinson's A, welfare-based inequality index	dissimilarity index, Duncan index, D index, segregation index	Palma index, Palma measure, top10/bottom40 ratio
Närliggande	5	5	5
Sammanfattning	The Atkinson index is a welfare-based measure of inequality that incorporates an explicit, analyst-chosen parameter for how much society dislikes inequality. Introduced by Anthony Atkinson in 1970, it asks what fraction of total income could be discarded, under an equal distribution, while leaving social welfare unchanged — making the ethical judgement behind any inequality comparison transparent rather than hidden.	The index of dissimilarity, often called the Duncan segregation index, measures how unevenly two groups — such as two racial or occupational groups — are distributed across a set of units like neighborhoods, schools, or occupations. It ranges from 0, when both groups have identical distributions across units, to 1, when the units are completely segregated, and has the intuitive interpretation of the share of one group that would have to relocate to achieve an even distribution.	The Palma ratio measures income inequality as the ratio of the income share held by the richest 10 percent of the population to the share held by the poorest 40 percent. It rests on the empirical regularity, documented by Gabriel Palma, that the middle deciles (5 through 9) capture a remarkably stable half of national income across countries, so that inequality is essentially a contest between the top and the bottom — the 'tails' of the distribution.