Krahasoni metodat

	Kodimi Turbo me Dekodim Iterativ	Ortogonal Freguencë-Divizion Multiplexing (OFDM)
Fusha	Telekomunikacionet	Telekomunikacionet
Familja	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Viti i origjinës	1993	1971
Krijuesi	Claude Berrou, Alain Glavieux, and Punya Thitimajshima	Weinstein and Ebert
Lloji	iterative error-correcting code	multicarrier modulation scheme
Burimi themelues	Berrou, C., Glavieux, A., & Thitimajshima, P. (1993). Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding and decoding: Turbo-codes. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 1064-1070.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.
Emërtime të tjera	iterative decoding, concatenated codes	multicarrier modulation
Të lidhura	5	5
Përmbledhja	Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, Glavieux, and Thitimajshima in 1993, are a landmark in channel coding history. They achieve performance within 0.5 dB of the Shannon limit—the theoretical boundary for reliable communication—a feat previously thought impossible with practical complexity. Turbo codes use concatenated convolutional codes with an interleaver and iterative decoding via belief propagation. They were adopted in 3G (UMTS) and remain important in 4G/5G systems alongside LDPC codes.	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.