Krahasoni metodat

	Modeli TVP-TGARCH	Model i Hapësirës së Gjendjeve (Filtri Kalman)
Fusha	Ekonometri	Ekonometri
Familja	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	1990s–2000s	1990
Krijuesi	Extension combining Zakoïan (1994) TGARCH and time-varying parameter methods	Harvey; Durbin & Koopman (state space treatment); Kalman filter
Lloji	Volatility model with asymmetry and parameter evolution	State space time series model
Burimi themelues	Zakoïan, J.-M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18(5), 931–955.	Harvey, A. C. (1990). Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter. Cambridge University Press.
Emërtime të tjera	TVP-TGARCH, time-varying TGARCH, threshold GARCH with time-varying parameters, TVP Threshold GARCH	state space, Kalman filter, unobserved components model, Durum Uzayı Modeli (State Space / Kalman Filter)
Të lidhura	4	4
Përmbledhja	The TVP-TGARCH model extends Threshold GARCH by allowing its volatility parameters to evolve over time via a state-space representation. It captures both the leverage effect — that negative return shocks increase volatility more than positive ones — and structural change in that asymmetry, making it well-suited for long financial time series subject to regime shifts.	A state space model is a general time series framework that describes a series through unobserved (latent) state variables linked by a measurement equation and a transition equation, with the states estimated in real time by the Kalman filter. Developed in the state space tradition of Harvey (1990) and Durbin & Koopman (2012), it nests ARIMA and exponential smoothing as special cases.