Krahasoni metodat

	Regresioni i Thjeshtë Linear i Panelit	Modeli Linear Hierarkik (HLM)
Fusha	Statistikë	Statistikë
Familja	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	1986	1992
Krijuesi	Hsiao (1986); Baltagi (seminal textbook treatments)	Bryk & Raudenbush
Lloji	Linear regression (panel data)	Multilevel linear regression
Burimi themelues	Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2nd ed.). MIT Press. ISBN: 978-0262232586	Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919049
Emërtime të tjera	panel SLR, longitudinal simple regression, two-way panel simple regression, fixed-effects simple linear regression	HLM, multilevel linear model, nested data model, random coefficient model
Të lidhura	5	4
Përmbledhja	Panel simple linear regression models a continuous outcome as a linear function of a single predictor using data that track the same entities (individuals, firms, countries) across multiple time periods. It separates within-entity variation from between-entity variation, enabling control for unobserved time-invariant characteristics that would confound a plain cross-sectional regression.	The Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) is a multilevel regression method designed for data in which lower-level units (e.g., students, patients) are nested within higher-level groups (e.g., schools, hospitals). It simultaneously models within-group relationships and between-group variation, producing unbiased estimates and correct standard errors that ordinary regression cannot provide for nested data.