Krahasoni metodat

	Test i vendosjes placebo për të dhëna panel	Analiza e Ndjeshmërisë për Kauzalitetin
Fusha	Inferenca kauzale	Inferenca kauzale
Familja	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	2004-2010	1983–2002
Krijuesi	Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan; Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller	Paul R. Rosenbaum (hidden-bias framework); extended by Cinelli & Hazlett (omitted-variable approach)
Lloji	Falsification / validation test	Diagnostic / robustness check
Burimi themelues	Bertrand, M., Duflo, E., & Mullainathan, S. (2004). How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1), 249-275.	Rosenbaum, P. R. (2002). Observational Studies (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-0387989679
Emërtime të tjera	placebo regression test, falsification test, pseudo-treatment test, in-time placebo	sensitivity analysis, hidden-bias sensitivity analysis, Rosenbaum sensitivity analysis, omitted-variable sensitivity
Të lidhura	4	4
Përmbledhja	A panel data placebo test is a falsification procedure used to assess the credibility of causal estimates in quasi-experimental panel designs. By applying the same estimation strategy to a period, group, or outcome where no true effect should exist, researchers verify that the observed treatment effect is not merely an artifact of model specification, coincidental trends, or data patterns unrelated to the intervention.	Sensitivity analysis for causality assesses how robust a causal conclusion is to unobserved confounding. Rather than assuming all confounders are controlled, it asks: how strong would an unmeasured variable need to be to overturn the estimated effect? It is an indispensable robustness check after any quasi-experimental or observational causal analysis.