Krahasoni metodat

	Dizajni me Diskontinuitet të Regresionit Fuzzy Shumëperiodësh	Metoda e Variablave Instrumentalë (IV) për Inferencën Kauzale
Fusha	Inferenca kauzale	Ekonomia shëndetësore
Familja	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Viti i origjinës	2001 (fuzzy RD); multi-period extension ~2010s	1990s (modern applications)
Krijuesi	Hahn, Todd & Van der Klaauw (foundational fuzzy RD, 2001); extended to multi-period settings by Cattaneo, Idrobo & Titiunik and subsequent applied literature	Angrist & Pischke (applied econometrics); rooted in econometric theory
Lloji	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Method
Burimi themelues	Hahn, J., Todd, P., & Van der Klaauw, W. (2001). Identification and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression-Discontinuity Design. Review of Economic Studies, 68(1), 201-209.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Emërtime të tjera	multi-period fuzzy RDD, fuzzy RD with repeated assignment, multi-wave fuzzy RD, staggered fuzzy RDD	IV, two-stage least squares, TSLS, causal estimation
Të lidhura	4	3
Përmbledhja	Multi-period fuzzy regression discontinuity design estimates a local average treatment effect when a cutoff rule only partially determines treatment — that is, crossing the threshold raises the probability of treatment but does not guarantee it — and when this assignment process is observed across two or more time periods or cohorts, enabling pooled or period-specific causal estimates under repeated near-threshold comparisons.	Instrumental variables (IV) is an econometric method to estimate causal effects when treatment or exposure is not randomly assigned and confounding is severe or unmeasured. IV relies on a third variable (instrument) that influences treatment but does not directly affect the outcome, allowing researchers to isolate the causal effect from the noise of confounding. Developed extensively in econometrics (Angrist & Pischke, 1990s–2000s), IV methods are increasingly used in health economics and health services research to leverage natural experiments and policy changes.