Krahasoni metodat

	Testimi i Invariancës së Matjes	Analiza Konfirmuese Faktorale (CFA)
Fusha	Psikometri	Statistikë
Familja	Latent structure	Latent structure
Viti i origjinës	2000	1969
Krijuesi	Vandenberg & Lance	Karl Jöreskog
Lloji	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis procedure	Confirmatory latent variable model
Burimi themelues	Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.	Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1462515363
Emërtime të tjera	Factorial Invariance, Measurement Equivalence, Configural-Metric-Scalar Testing, Ölçüm Değişmezliği	Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (CFA), confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model
Të lidhura	3	4
Përmbledhja	Measurement invariance testing is a sequence of nested confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models that examines whether a psychological scale measures the same latent construct in the same way across distinct groups or time points. Systematized and popularized by Vandenberg and Lance (2000), the procedure tests a hierarchy of constraints — from identical factor patterns to identical item intercepts — so that researchers can justify meaningful group comparisons on latent means.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests whether a researcher-specified factor structure fits the observed data. Formalised by Karl Jöreskog in 1969, it is the measurement-model step within structural equation modelling and is the standard tool for validating the factorial structure of scales and questionnaires before comparing groups or estimating latent relationships.