Krahasoni metodat

	Analiza Shumëvariate e Kovariancës (MANCOVA)	Analiza e Kovariancës (ANCOVA)	Analiza diskriminante	Testi T² i Hotellingut
Fusha	Statistikë	Statistikë	Statistikë	Statistikë
Familja	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Latent structure	Hypothesis test
Viti i origjinës	1970	1932	1936	1931
Krijuesi	Extension of MANOVA and ANCOVA traditions; consolidated in multivariate textbooks by the 1970s–1980s	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher	Harold Hotelling
Lloji	Parametric multivariate mean comparison with covariate control	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Supervised classification and dimension reduction	Multivariate parametric mean comparison
Burimi themelues	Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics (7th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0134790541	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1936). The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Eugenics, 7(2), 179–188.	Hotelling, H. (1931). The Generalization of Student's Ratio. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 2(3), 360–378.
Emërtime të tjera	MANCOVA, multivariate ANCOVA, MANOVA with covariates, MANCOVA — Çok Değişkenli Kovaryans Analizi	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	LDA, Fisher discriminant analysis, discriminant function analysis, canonical discriminant analysis	Hotelling T² Testi — Çok Değişkenli t-Testi, multivariate t-test, Hotelling T-squared
Të lidhura	5	4	4	6
Përmbledhja	MANCOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Covariance) is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares two or more groups on multiple continuous dependent variables while statistically controlling for one or more covariates. It extends MANOVA by incorporating covariate adjustment, a tradition consolidated in multivariate statistical methodology by the 1970s and authoritatively documented by Tabachnick and Fidell (2019).	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	Discriminant analysis finds linear combinations of predictor variables that best separate two or more known groups. It is used both to understand which predictors distinguish the groups and to classify new observations into those groups with minimum error.	Hotelling's T² test is a multivariate parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares the mean vectors of two independent groups across multiple continuous outcome variables. It was introduced by Harold Hotelling in 1931 as the direct multivariate generalization of Student's t-test, replacing the scalar mean difference with a vector difference scaled by the pooled variance-covariance matrix.