Krahasoni metodat

	Identifikimi kauzal me Grafet Drejt-ciklike (do-calculus)	Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS)
Fusha	Inferenca kauzale	Inferenca kauzale
Familja	Regression model	Regression model
Viti i origjinës	2009	2009
Krijuesi	Judea Pearl	Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment); Stock & Yogo (weak-instrument theory)
Lloji	Causal identification framework	Instrumental-variables regression
Burimi themelues	Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606	Angrist, J. D. & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Emërtime të tjera	do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus)	instrumental variables, IV estimation, 2SLS, instrumental variable regression
Të lidhura	5	5
Përmbledhja	DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths.	IV/2SLS is a two-stage estimation method that recovers the causal effect of an endogenous regressor by isolating the part of its variation driven by an external instrument. It is the workhorse identification strategy in modern applied econometrics, developed at length in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics (2009).