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Методология мягких систем (ММС)×Метод стратегического выбора×
ОбластьСтруктурирование проблемСтруктурирование проблем
СемействоProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Год появления19812005
Автор методаPeter ChecklandJohn Friend & Allen Hickling
ТипInterpretive problem-structuring methodologyIterative group-based problem structuring and decision process
Основополагающий источникCheckland, P. (1981). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-27911-2Friend, J., & Hickling, A. (2005). Planning Under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach (3rd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7506-6373-2
Другие названияSSM, Checkland's SSM, Soft Systems Analysis, Yumuşak Sistemler MetodolojisiSCA, Planning Under Pressure, Stratejik Seçim Yaklaşımı, Interactive Strategic Planning
Связанные32
СводкаSoft Systems Methodology (SSM) is an interpretive, action-research approach for structuring and managing complex, ill-defined ('soft') problem situations involving human activity. Developed by Peter Checkland at Lancaster University throughout the 1970s and formally presented in 1981, SSM guides practitioners through iterative cycles of inquiry that move from an unstructured problem situation to purposeful action through structured learning rather than optimization.The Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) is an interactive, workshop-based problem structuring method developed by John Friend and Allen Hickling, first published in 1987 and refined in the definitive third edition of Planning Under Pressure (2005). SCA helps groups of planners and stakeholders manage interconnected decisions under uncertainty by explicitly mapping decision areas, option combinations, and sources of uncertainty before committing to action.
ScholarGateНабор данных
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  2. 1 Источники
  3. PUBLISHED
  1. v1
  2. 1 Источники
  3. PUBLISHED

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ScholarGateСравнение методов: Soft Systems Methodology · Strategic Choice Approach. Получено 2026-06-19 из https://scholargate.app/ru/compare