Сравнение методов

	Интерпретативная цифровая этнография	Цифровая этнография	Нетнография
Область	Качественные методы	Качественные методы	Качественные методы
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	Late 1990s–2000s	Late 1990s – 2000s	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
Автор метода	Christine Hine; Sarah Pink and colleagues	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)	Robert V. Kozinets
Тип	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research method
Основополагающий источник	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958963	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
Другие названия	virtual ethnography (interpretivist), online ethnography, internet ethnography, digital fieldwork	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
Связанные	4	6	6
Сводка	Interpretive digital ethnography is a qualitative research design that studies human cultures, communities, and practices as they emerge and unfold in digital spaces. Drawing on the interpretivist tradition, it treats online environments as genuine cultural sites and uses sustained, participant-oriented fieldwork to produce rich, context-sensitive accounts of how people create meaning through digital interaction.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.