Сравнение методов

	Дерево решений	Чрезвычайно случайные деревья	Градиентный бустинг
Область	Машинное обучение	Машинное обучение	Машинное обучение
Семейство	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Год появления	1984	2006	2001
Автор метода	Breiman, Friedman, Olshen & Stone	Geurts, P.; Ernst, D.; Wehenkel, L.	Friedman, J. H.
Тип	Recursive partitioning (if-then rules)	Ensemble (extremely randomized decision trees)	Ensemble (sequential boosting of decision trees)
Основополагающий источник	Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A. & Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth.	Geurts, P., Ernst, D. & Wehenkel, L. (2006). Extremely randomized trees. Machine Learning, 63(1), 3–42.	Friedman, J. H. (2001). Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics, 29(5), 1189–1232.
Другие названия	Karar Ağacı (Decision Tree), karar ağacı, classification tree, regression tree	Extremely Randomized Trees, ExtraTreesClassifier, ExtraTreesRegressor, ET	Gradient Boosting (GBM), GBM, gradient boosted trees, gradient boosting machine
Связанные	5	5	5
Сводка	A Decision Tree is an interpretable classification and regression method, formalised by Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone in their 1984 CART framework, that partitions the data with hierarchical if-then rules. Each split sends observations down one branch or another until a prediction is read off the leaf.	Extra Trees (Extremely Randomized Trees), introduced by Geurts, Ernst, and Wehenkel in 2006, is an ensemble of decision trees that pushes randomisation further than Random Forest. Both the candidate features and the split thresholds are chosen completely at random at each node, eliminating the greedy search over thresholds. This extra randomness reduces variance, often matches or exceeds Random Forest accuracy, and runs substantially faster at training time.	Gradient Boosting is an ensemble learning method, formalised by Jerome H. Friedman in 2001, that combines a sequence of weak learners — typically shallow decision trees — so that each new tree is fitted to minimise the residual errors of the trees before it. It is the core algorithm behind popular implementations such as XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost.