Сравнение методов

	КОСИ	HSQC	NOESY
Область	Спектроскопия	Спектроскопия	Спектроскопия
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	1976	1980	1981
Автор метода	Wüthrich Kurt	Anil Kumar	Richard Ernst
Тип	Two-dimensional pulse sequence	Heteronuclear correlation sequence	Two-dimensional pulse sequence
Основополагающий источник	Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246.	Bodenhausen, G., & Ruben, D. J. (1981). Natural abundance nitrogen-15 NMR by enhanced heteronuclear spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 69(2), 185-189.	Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246.
Другие названия	COSY NMR, 2D COSY, 1H-1H COSY	HSQC NMR, 1H-13C HSQC, heteronuclear correlation	NOE spectroscopy, 2D NOESY, NOE NMR
Связанные	4	4	3
Сводка	Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) is a two-dimensional NMR technique that correlates proton chemical shifts through scalar coupling (J-coupling), revealing which protons are magnetically coupled and hence bonded through multiple bonds. Developed by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst in 1976, COSY became one of the most important tools in structural elucidation, enabling chemists to map out proton connectivity patterns and deduce molecular topology without isotopic labeling.	Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that correlates proton and carbon-13 (or other heteronuclei) chemical shifts through one-bond coupling constants (1JHX). Developed in the early 1980s, HSQC rapidly became the workhorse of structural chemistry because it directly maps which carbons bear which protons, providing a comprehensive view of carbon skeleton connectivity and substitution patterns.	Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY) is a 2D NMR technique that detects through-space dipolar coupling between protons, rather than through-bond scalar coupling. Introduced by Macura and Ernst in 1981, NOESY reveals which protons are spatially close in the three-dimensional structure, independent of bonding connectivity. This makes NOESY invaluable for determining molecular conformation, assigning stereochemistry, and elucidating protein folds.